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Augusta, Georgia is the county seat of Richmond County located on the central eastern border of Georgia across the Savannah River from North Carolina, and with a 2024 population of 201,737, it ranks as Georgia's third most populous city and the 124th largest in the United States. Founded in 1736 by James Oglethorpe and named after Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, the mother of King George III, Augusta served as Georgia's second state capital from 1785 to 1795 and was where Georgia ratified the U.S. Constitution on January 2, 1788. The city housed the principal Confederate Powderworks during the American Civil War and became a major resort destination in the early-to-mid 20th century due to its warm climate. Augusta is internationally renowned for hosting the Masters golf tournament each spring at Augusta National Golf Club, which attracts over 200,000 visitors annually, and is home to Fort Gordon, a major U.S. Army base that will host the new National Cyber Security Headquarters established in 2016. The Augusta metropolitan area had a 2020 population of 611,000, making it Georgia's second-largest metro area and the ninth most populous in the Deep South, located approximately two hours from downtown Atlanta via I-20. Columbus, Georgia is a consolidated city-county located on the Chattahoochee River on Georgia's west-central border, directly across from Phenix City, Alabama, serving as the county seat of Muscogee County since their official merger in 1970. As Georgia's second most populous city after Atlanta, Columbus had a population of 206,922 at the 2020 census, with its metropolitan statistical area reaching 328,883 residents and part of a larger combined statistical area of 563,967. Founded in 1828 at the beginning of the navigable Chattahoochee River, the city became one of the South's most important industrial centers by 1860, earning the nickname "Lowell of the South" for its textile mills and earning its greatest prominence during the Civil War as the Confederacy's second-largest manufacturing center after Richmond, Virginia. Today, Columbus is home to Fort Benning (the U.S. Army's Maneuver Center of Excellence), the National Infantry Museum, and the world's longest urban whitewater rafting course on the Chattahoochee River, located 100 miles southwest of Atlanta. Rome is the county seat and largest city in Floyd County, Georgia, with a 2020 population of 37,713, located in the Appalachian foothills in Northwest Georgia as the 26th-largest city in the state. Founded in 1834 after the Indian Removal Act, Rome developed at the confluence of the Etowah and Oostanaula rivers on territory formerly occupied by the Creek and Cherokee peoples, including Cherokee leaders Major Ridge and John Ross before their removal in 1838. Named after Rome, Italy by settlers impressed by its location on seven hills, the city developed as an antebellum cotton trading hub that shipped regional crops downriver to Gulf Coast and overseas markets. In the late 1920s, a rayon manufacturing plant built through a joint U.S.-Italian project earned Rome international recognition when Benito Mussolini sent a replica of the Romulus and Remus statue in 1929. Today, Rome serves as a regional center for medical care and education, hosting institutions including Berry College, Shorter University, Georgia Northwestern Technical College, and Georgia Highlands College, positioned centrally near Atlanta, Birmingham, and Chattanooga.